1940 Totally Explained

Everything about 1940 totally explained

Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

Events of 1940

ť (Below, many events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.)

January

January 4 - WWII: Axis powers - Luftwaffe General Hermann Goering assumes control of all war industries in Germany.
January 6 - WWII: Winter War - General Semyon Timoshenko takes command of all Russian forces.
January 8 - WWII: Winter War - Russian 44th Assault Division destroyed by Finnish forces in Battle of Suomussalmi.
January 26 - Australia - Brisbane swelters through its hottest day ever, 43.2 degrees Celsius.
January 27 - WWII: South Africa - A peace resolution introduced in Parliament is defeated by 81 votes to 59.
January 29 - Three gasoline multiple units carrying factory workers crash and explode while approaching Ajikawaguchi station, Yumesaki Line (Nishinari Line), Osaka, Japan, killing at least 181 people and injuring at least 92.

February

February 1 - WWII: Winter War - Russian forces launch major assault on Finnish troops which occupy the Karelian Isthmus.

February 7 - RKO releases Walt Disney's second full-length animated film, Pinocchio.

February 16 - WWII: In the Altmark Incident British destroyer Cossack pursues German tanker Altmark into Jøssingfjord in southwestern Norway.

February 27 - Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discovered carbon-14

March

March 2 - Elmer Fudd makes his debut in the short Elmer's Candid Camera.

March 3 - In Sweden, a time bomb destroys the office of Norrskenflamman newspaper of Swedish communists - 5 dead.

March 5- Members of Soviet politburo: Stalin, Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Mikhail Kalinin, Kliment Voroshilov and Lavrenty Beria, signed an order, prepared by Beria, for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs. The action is known as the Katyn massacre.

March 12 - Soviet Union and Finland sign a peace treaty in Moscow ending the Winter War. Finns, along with the world at large, were shocked by the harsh terms.

March 18 - WWII: Axis powers - Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.

March 21 Édouard Daladier resigns as prime minister of France. He is replaced by Paul Reynaud.

March 23 - The Pakistan Resolution is rallied by the All-India Muslim League: Muslims from every corner of India meet up around Iqbal Park, Lahore, now in modern-day Pakistan.

April

April 5 - Neville Chamberlain, in what will prove to be a tragic lapse of judgment, declares in a major public speech that Hitler has "missed the bus".

April 7 - Booker T. Washington becomes the first African American to be depicted on a United States postage stamp.

April 9 - WWII: Germany invades Denmark and Norway in operation Weserübung. The British campaign in Norway is simultaneously commenced.

April 12 - The Faroe Islands were occupied by British troops following the invasion of Denmark by Nazi Germany. This action was taken to avert a possible German occupation of the islands, which would have had very grave consequences for the course of the Battle of the Atlantic.

April 15 - Opening day at Jamaica Racetrack features the use of pari-mutuel betting equipment, a departure from bookmaking heretofore used exclusively throughout New York state. Other NY tracks follow suit later in 1940.

April 21 - Take It or Leave It makes it debut on CBS Radio, with Bob Hawk as host.

April 23 - Rhythm Night Club burns in Natchez, Mississippi: 198 dead.

May

May 10 - WWII:

Battle of France begins - German forces invade Low Countries.
Invasion of Iceland by the United Kingdom.
With the resignation of Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. .

May 13

Winston Churchill, in his first address as Prime Minister, tells the House of Commons, "I have nothing to offer you but blood, toil, tears, and sweat."
WWII: German armies open 60-mile wide breach in Maginot Line at Sedan.

May 14

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and her government flee to London; Rotterdam subjected to savage terror bombing by the Luftwaffe - 980 killed, 20,000 buildings destroyed.
Recruitment begins in Britain for a home defence force - the Local Defence Volunteers, later known as the Home Guard.

May 15

WWII: Dutch army surrenders.

May 16 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, addressing a joint session of Congress, asks for an extraordinary credit of approximately $900 million to finance construction of at least 50,000 airplanes per year.

May 17 - Brussels falls to German forces; Belgian government flees to Ostend.

May 18 - Marshal Henri Petain named vice-premier of France.

May 19 - General Maxime Weygand replaces Maurice Gamelin as commander-in-chief of all French forces.

May 20 - WWII: German forces, under General Erwin Rommel, reach the English Channel. Holocaust: concentration and death camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau opens in Poland.

May 22 - WWII: British Parliament passes Emergency Powers Act giving the government full control over all persons and property.

May 26 - WWII: Dunkirk evacuation of British Expeditionary Force starts.

May 28

WWII: King Leopold III orders the Belgian forces to cease fighting. Leaders of the Belgian government on French territory declare Leopold deposed.
Winston Churchill warns the House of Commons to, "... prepare itself for hard and heavy tidings."

May 29 - First flight of the Vought XF4U-1, the prototype of the F4U Corsair U.S. fighter later used in WWII.

June

June 3

Holocaust: Franz Rademacher proposes the Madagascar Plan.
WWII: Paris is bombed by the Luftwaffe for the first time.

June 4

Dunkirk evacuation ends - British forces complete evacuating 300,000 troops from Dunkirk in France.
Winston Churchill tells the House of Commons, "We shan't flag or fail. We shall fight on the beaches...on the landing grounds...in the fields and the streets...We shall never surrender."

June 9 - WWII: The British Commandos are created.

June 10 - WWII

Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy's actions with "Stab in the Back" speech from the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.
Canada declares war on Italy.
Norway surrenders to German forces.
French government flees to Tours.

June 12 - WWII: 13,000 British and French troops surrender to Field Marshal Erwin Rommel at St. Valery-en-Caux.

June 13 - WWII: Paris is declared an open city.

June 14 - WWII:

French government flees to Bordeaux.
Paris falls under German occupation.
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Naval Expansion Act into law which aims to increase the United States Navy's tonnage by 11 %.
Holocaust: A group of 728 Polish political prisoners from Tarnów become the first residents of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

June 15 - WWII: Verdun falls to German forces.

June 16 : The Sturgis Motorcycle Rally is held for the first time in Sturgis, South Dakota.

June 17

Philippe Petain becomes Prime Minister of France and immediately asks Germany for peace terms.
Soviet Army enters Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia.
Operation Ariel begins - Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.
Luftwaffe Junkers 88 bomber sinks British ship RMS Lancastria, that was evacuating troops from near Saint-Nazaire, France. Death toll is over 2500. Wartime censorship prevents the story going public.

June 18

Winston Churchill speaks to the House of Commons: "... the Battle of France is over. The Battle of Britain is about to begin."
General Charles de Gaulle broadcasts from London, calling on all French people to continue the fight against Nazi Germany: "France has lost a battle. But France hasn't lost the war."

June 21 - WWII: Vichy France and Germany sign armistice at Compiegne in the same wagon-lit railroad car used by Marshal Ferdinand Foch to accept the surrender of Germany in 1918.

June 23 - WWII: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.(External Link

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June 24

U.S. politics: Republican Party begins its national convention in Philadelphia and nominates Wendell Willkie as its candidate for president.
WWII: Vichy France signs armistice terms with Italy.

June 28 - General Charles DeGaulle is officially recognized by Britain as "Leader of all Free Frenchmen, wherever they may be."

June 30 - WWII: German forces land in Guernsey marking the start of the 5-year Occupation of the Channel Islands.

July

July 3 - WWII: British naval units sink or seize ships of the French fleet anchored in the Algerian ports of Oran and Mers-el-Kebir. The following day, Vichy France breaks off diplomatic relations with Britain.

July 10 - WWII: Vichy France begins with a constitutional law where only 80 members of the parliament voted against.

July 15 - U.S. politics: Democratic Party begins its national convention in Chicago and nominates Franklin D. Roosevelt for an unprecedented third term as president.

July 19 - WWII: Adolf Hitler makes peace appeal to Britain in an address to the Reichstag. Lord Halifax, British foreign minister, flatly rejects peace terms in a broadcast reply on July 22.

July 21 - Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR and Lithuanian SSR are proclaimed.

August

August 3 - Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR (August 5) and Estonian SSR (August 6) are incorporated into the Soviet Union.

August 4 - Gen. John J. Pershing, in a nationwide radio broadcast, urges all-out aid to Britain in order to defend the Americas, while Charles Lindbergh speaks to an isolationist rally at Soldier Field in Chicago.

August 8 - Wilhelm Keitel signs the "Aufbau Ost" directive.

August 20

Winston Churchill pays tribute in the House of Commons to the Royal Air Force: "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."
Leon Trotsky assassinated in Mexico by Ramón Mercader, a Soviet agent, with an ice axe.

August 26 - Chad is the first French colony to proclaim its support for the Allies.

September

September - U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division (previously a National Guard Division in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Oklahoma), activated and ordered into federal service for one year to engage in a training program in Ft. Sill and Louisiana prior to serving in World War II.

September 2 - WWII: Agreement between America and Great Britain announced. Fifty U.S. destroyers needed for escort work transferred to Great Britain. In return, America gains 99-year leases on British bases in the North Atlantic, West Indies and Bermuda.

September 7

Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria.
WWII: The Blitz - Nazi Germany begins to rain bombs on London. This will be the first of 57 consecutive nights of strategic bombing.

September 12

Lascaux, France - 17,000-year-old cave paintings are discovered by a group of young Frenchmen hiking through Southern France. The paintings depict animals and date to the Stone Age.
The Hercules Munitions Plant in Kenvil, New Jersey explodes, killing 55 people.

September 16 - WWII: Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 signed into law by Franklin D. Roosevelt, creating the first peacetime draft in U.S. history.

September 26 - WWII: U.S. imposes a total embargo on all shipments of scrap metal to Japan.

September 27 - WWII: Germany, Italy and Japan sign Tripartite Pact.

October

October 28 - WWII: Italian troops invaded Greece meeting strong resistance from Greek troops and civilians. This action signals the beginning of the Balkans Campaign.

November

November 5 - U.S. presidential election, 1940: Democrat incumbent Franklin D. Roosevelt defeats Republican challenger Wendell Willkie and becomes the United States' first third-term president.

November 7 - In Washington, the middle section of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapses in a windstorm, a mere four months after the bridge's completion (it opened to traffic on July 1, 1940 as the third-longest suspension bridge in the world).

November 9 - Premiere of Joaquin Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez in Barcelona, Spain.

November 10 - Earthquake in Bucharest, Romania - 1,000 dead.

November 11 - WWII:

Battle of Taranto - The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
The German Hilfskreuzer (cruiser) Atlantis captures top secret British mail, and sends it to Japan.
Armistice Day Blizzard: An unexpected blizzard kills 144 in U.S. Midwest.

November 13 - Walt Disney's Fantasia is released. It is the first box office failure for Disney, though it'll eventually recoup its cost years later, and become one of the most highly regarded of Disney's films.

November 14 - WWII: In England, the city of Coventry is destroyed by 500 German Luftwaffe bombers (150,000 fire bombs, 503 tons of high explosives, 130 parachute mines leveled 60,000 of the city's 75,000 buildings; 568 people were killed).

November 16

WWII: In response to Germany leveling Coventry two days before, the Royal Air Force begins to bomb Hamburg (by war's end, 50,000 Hamburg residents died from Allied attacks).
Unexploded pipe bomb found in Consolidated Edison office building. (Only years later is the culprit, George Metesky, apprehended.)
The Jamaica Association of Local Government Officers is founded.

November 18 - WWII: German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano meet to discuss Benito Mussolini's disastrous invasion of Greece.

November 20 - WWII: Hungary, Romania and Slovakia join the Axis Powers.

November 27

In Romania, coup leader General Ion Antonescu's Iron Guard arrests and executes over 60 of exiled king Carol II of Romania's aides. Among the dead is former minister and acclaimed historian Nicolae Iorga.
WWII: Royal Navy and Regia Marina fight the Battle of Cape Spartivento.

December

December 8 - The Chicago Bears, in what will become the most one-sided victory in National Football League history, defeat the Washington Redskins 73-0 in the 1940 NFL Championship Game.

December 12 & December 15 - WWII: The "Sheffield Blitz". The City of Sheffield is badly damaged by German air-raids.

December 14 - Plutonium first isolated chemically in the laboratory.

December 23 - Winston Churchill, in a broadcast address to the people of Italy, squarely blames Benito Mussolini for leading his nation to war against the British contrary to Italy's historic friendship with them.

December 26 - The film version of The Philadelphia Story, starring Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant, James Stewart and Ruth Hussey, premieres at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

December 29

Franklin D. Roosevelt, in a fireside chat to the nation, declares that the United States must become, "... the great arsenal of democracy."
WWII: "Second Great Fire of London"; Luftwaffe carries out massive incendiary bombing raid starting 1500 fires. Many famous buildings, including the Guildhall and Trinity House, are either damaged or destroyed.